Pinelopi (Penny) Koujianou Goldberg is the William Nordhaus Professor of Economics and Global Affairs at Yale University. She has served as Chief Economist of the World Bank Group, President of the Econometric Society and Editor-in-Chief of the American Economic Review. She holds a diploma in Economics from the University of Freiburg, Germany, and a PhD in Economics from Stanford University, U.S.A. Her research examines policy-relevant questions in trade and development. Her current work studies the resurgence of protectionism and rise of economic nationalism; trade, inequality, and development; the effects of trade liberalization in the presence of domestic distortions, such as market power, labor market frictions and imperfect enforcement of regulations; industrial policy; and discrimination against women in developing countries.