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Emma Rockall

Emma Rockall is an Economist in the Research Department of the International Monetary Fund. She received her PhD in Economics from Stanford University in 2025 and previously worked as an Economist at the Bank of England in Monetary Analysis. She works on macroeconomics and labour, focusing on innovation, technology diffusion and inequality.
Antitrust and Competition

How Stronger Non-Compete Agreements Slow Innovation

Kate Reinmuth
In new research exploiting state-level changes in non-compete enforceability, Kate Reinmuth and Emma Rockall find that stronger non-competes have historically reduced innovation in the United States. These declines are driven by sharp drops in inventor mobility and knowledge spillovers, especially in young, high-growth sectors.

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The publication of the Stigler Center at The University of Chicago Booth School of Business

ProMarket is dedicated to discussing how competition tends to be subverted by special interests. The posts represent the opinions of their writers, not necessarily those of the University of Chicago, the Booth School of Business, or its faculty. For more information, please visit ProMarket Policy.